Comparison of sparsity-promoting transforms

The well-known exited sparsity-promoting transforms in the exploration geophysics field include the Fourier(Bochner and Chandrasekharan, 1949), wavelet transform(Akansu et al., 2010), and curvelet transform (Candès et al., 2006a).

In order to effectively compare the sparseness of different transforms, we first select an input dataset (here, we use the synthetic example shown in Figure 3a as the input dataset). Then we transform the input data into sparse transform domain using different sparse transforms. Figure 1 shows different transformed domains for the input data. The 2-D Fourier transform in this case means the $f-k$ transform. The 2-D wavelet transform means implementing the 1-D wavelet transform along the temporal direction first and along the spatial direction second. The 2-D seislet transform means implementing the seislet transform along the spatial direction first and 1-D seislet transform along the temporal direction second. The 2-D curvelet transform refers to the 2-D wedge wrapping based fast discrete curvelet transform (Candès et al., 2006a). Next we sort the coefficients in the transform domains into decaying 1-D vectors according to the coefficient amplitude and scale the 1-D vectors. Finally we plot the decaying coefficients with respect to the sequence number for all the transforms in one plot. Figure 2 shows a comparison between the decay of sorted coefficients in the 2-D Fourier transform, 2-D wavelet transform, 2-D seislet transform and 2-D curvelet transform domains. Our experiments show that the seislet coefficients decay significantly faster than coefficients of the other transforms, which indicates a more compact structure of the seislet domain. Thus, our FPOCS is preferred to use the 2-D seislet transform domain as the sparsity-promoting transform.

sig-fk,sig-dwt,sig-seis,sig-curv-img
Figure 1. Comparison among different sparsity-promoting transforms based on the synthetic example shown in Figure 3a. (a) 2-D Fourier transform domain. (b) 2-D Wavelet transform domain. (c) 2-D Seislet transform domain. (d) 2-D Curvelet transform domain.

sig-c
Figure 2. Coefficients decreasing diagram of different sparsity-promoting transforms.